Fishing may lead to rapid changes in Great Lakes fish

Story by Brian Wallheimer

August 29, 2018

Evolution is often viewed through the lens of thousands of years. But it may have taken humans only a century or so to force evolutionary changes to fish in the Great Lakes, according to a Purdue University report.

Environmental factors over long periods of time often lead to beneficial traits in animals. But Tomas Höök, a professor in the Department of Forestry & Natural Resources and director of Illinois-Indiana Sea Grant, and colleagues believe there is evidence of fisheries-induced evolution (FIE) in the Great Lakes.

“Fishing and harvesting creates strong pressure that could select for certain genetic material in a fish population and lead to rapid human-induced evolution of the population,” Höök said.

A review, published in the Journal of Great Lakes Research, presents the case for rapid evolution, including case studies of two important fishery species — yellow perch and lake whitefish.

For yellow perch, Lake Michigan commercial fishing operations in the early 1990s overharvested perch, in particular large female fish. This led to an abundance of male fish as well as smaller females, since they were the most likely to have an opportunity to reproduce.After a collapse of yellow perch populations, commercial fishing for the species was shut down and recreational angling for the species was restricted. Research shows that yellow perch quickly started to sexually mature later and at larger sizes once they weren’t susceptible to harvest.

“Importantly, this research suggests that FIE can occur rapidly, but that changes are reversible,” wrote the authors, which included Erin Dunlop from the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, as well as Zachary Feiner and Höök from Purdue.

Lake whitefish populations have been affected by overfishing and invasive species in Lake Michigan and Lake Huron. Models suggest that high harvest rates and harvesting before whitefish reach sexual maturation could lead to rapid declines in population and the size at which fish mature.

Höök said fisheries-induced evolution has been widely studied in marine systems, but more needs to be done on freshwater species since many can be important ecologically and commercially.

“We need to assess the potential for fisheries-induced evolution in these systems to better understand the extent to which fishery managers can and should think about FIE when making key management decisions affecting fish populations,” Höök said.

Featured Stories

Vidya Nagaraju and Kingsly Ambrose measure the size and shape distribution of particles

Particle science innovations focus on improving grain facility safety

Frequent explosions plagued the U.S. grain industry until the Occupational Safety and Health...

U.S. farmers retain optimistic outlook for 2025 despite ag trade uncertainty

U.S. farmers began 2025 with an optimistic outlook, as the January Purdue University/CME Group Ag...

Purdue University’s Uris Baldos, research associate professor of agricultural economics, leads a new study assessing the impacts of agricultural research investments on biodiversity and land use. (Purdue Agricultural Communications photo/Joshua Clark)

New study assesses impact of agricultural research investments on biodiversity, land use

New groundbreaking research shows how, at a local scale, agricultural research and development...

Han Chen - Graduate Ag Research Spotlight

Not everyone gets to live their childhood dreams, but Han Chen is living hers. When Chen was a...

Center for Commercial Agriculture partners with Acres to enhance farmland market insights in Indiana

The Purdue University Center for Commercial Agriculture (CCA) has announced a new partnership...

People holding phone showcasing the SAWBO application.

New Scientific Animations Without Borders (SAWBO) app takes an encyclopedic approach to sharing information

When the Purdue-based leaders of Scientific Animations Without Borders (SAWBO) think about how to...